The earlier your request is received, the better, in case it cannot be granted and you need to substitute other materials. Publishers do not always control the rights and need time to research the extent to which permission may be granted. Each request requires the publisher to conduct a careful check of the status of the copyright, a determination of the exact material to be duplicated (which sometimes involves ordering a copy of the material from a warehouse), and assignment of author's royalties, if fees are involved. In other words, the greater the lead time you give the copyright owner to respond to your request, the better.

The page containing the copyright notice shows who owns the copyright, the year of publication and the publisher's name. The acknowledgment page may also contain information regarding copyright ownership.

Include all of the following information in your request:

• Author's, editor's, translator's full name(s) Title, edition and volume number of book or journal
• Copyright date
• ISBN for books, ISSN for magazines and journals
• Numbers of the exact pages, figures and illustrations

If you are requesting a chapter or more:

• both exact chapter(s) and exact pages numbers
• Number of copies to be made
• Name of college
• Course name and number
• Semester and year in which material will be used
• Instructor's full name
• Provide your complete address and the name of a contact person and telephone number in case there are any questions

As an alternative to the above, faculty members have the option of using the services of the Copyright Clearance Center to gain permission. This can be accomplished online http://www.copyright.com and in a short period of time; however, a fee must normally be paid.

Without this permission, additional copies must be ordered as reprints or copies of the original work. To order more copies from the publishers usually takes 5 to 6 weeks.